Ranong Flora

 Ranong

เอื้องเงินหลวง

Ranong is one of Thailand's southern provinces (changwat), on the west coast along the Andaman Sea. It has the fewest inhabitants of all Thai provinces (making it the least populous of all the Thai provinces). Provinces neighboring Ranong are (clockwise) Chumphon, Surat Thani, and Phang Nga. To the west, it borders Kawthaung, Tanintharyi, Myanmar.

Ranong is on the Kra Isthmus, a narrow strip of land, only 44 kilometres (27 mi)wide,that connects Thailand with the Malay Peninsula, on the west of the Phuket mountain range. It has a long coast on the Andaman Sea. The province, together with Trat province, is known for being one of the wettest places in Thailand, the rainy season lasting for about eight months.

Ranong is the least populated province. The total forest area is 1,726 km²(666 sq mi) or 53.5 percent of provincial area, and 67 percent is mountainous.In former years the major industry was tin mining, but most mines are now exhausted. White clay mining (for the production of porcelain) and fishing are now the main industries, along with rubber and cashew nuts.

The Ngao Mangrove Forest Research Centre, also known as the Ranong Biosphere Reserve, in the north of Kapoe District, covering 189,431 rai (303.09 km²), was declared in 1997. It is the fourth biosphere reserve of Thailand, and the only one on the seacoast protecting mangrove forests.

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National parks

edThere are four national parks, along with seven other national parks, make up region 4 (Surat Thani) of Thailand's protected areas. (Visitors in fiscal year 2^[8]

edThere are four national parks, along with seven other national parks, make up region 4 (Surat Thani) of Thailand's protected areas. (Visitors in fiscal year 2024)^[8]

Namtok Ngao National Park	668 km2(258 sq mi)	(94,691)
Mu Ko Ranong National Park	357 km2(138 sq mi)	(1,716)
Laem Son National Park	315 km2(122 sq mi)	(21,911)
Lam Nam Kra Buri National Park	160 km2(62 sq mi)	(34,135)

Wildlife sanctuaries

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There are four wildlife sanctuaries, along with three other wildlife sanctuaries, make up region 4 (Surat Thani) of Thailand's protected areas.

Khlong Nakha Wildlife Sanctuary	530 km2(200 sq mi)
Khuan Mae Yai Mon Wildlife Sanctuary	464 km2(179 sq mi)
Thung Raya–Na Sak Wildlife Sanctuary	338 km2(131 sq mi)
Prince Chumphon South Park Wildlife Sanctuary	315 km2(122 sq mi)

Gesneriaceae

Notable Gesneriaceae species found in Ranong province include Kaisupeea larsenii and Somrania albiflora, both rare and endemic plants native to the area's damp, shaded ecosystems. 

Noteworthy Species

Kaisupeea larsenii (Mani Krailat) มณีไกรลาส
• Discovered and published officially in 2025 in the Thai Journal of Botany, though first collected in 1984.
• Grows near streams in low-altitude evergreen rainforests at around 150 meters elevation.
• Exhibits blooming periods from August through September. 
Somrania albiflora (Khao Phrommachan)



• Described in 2012 by botanists from new genera collections.
• Small herbaceous plant reaching up to 20 cm with hairy stems and white bell-shaped flowers.
• Inhabits limestone cliff faces specifically inside Ngao Waterfall National Park. 
Aeschynanthus fecundus ไก่กุ่น
• Recorded in low-altitude evergreen forests in southern Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia. 

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Central government

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Map with five districts

Ranong is divided into five districts (amphoe). These are further divided into 30 subdistricts (tambon) and 178 villages (muban).^[16]

No.	District	Thai	Malay	Pop.	subdistricts	Villages
1.	Mueang Ranong	เมืองระนอง	Bandar Raya Rundung	93,271	9	38
2.	La-un	ละอุ่น	Pak Un	15,240	7	30
3.	Kapoe	กะเปอร์	Kapur	22,093	5	34
4.	Kra Buri	กระบุรี	Segenting Kera	48,163	7	61
5.	Suk Samran	สุขสำราญ	-	14,594	2	15
		-	Total	193,371	30	178

Yala Flora

 Yala

 جالا

Yala (Thai: ยะลา, pronounced [jáʔlaː] or [jálaː]) is a city and seat of Mueang Yala Districtand Yala Province of far southern Thailand.The provincial and district capital, it is 137 kilometres by road southeast of Hat Yai. The eastern part of the city is part of the neighboring tambon of Sateng Nok. As of 2019 the tambon had a total population of 60,617. It lies on the border with Pattani Province in the north of Yala Province. It lies on Thailand Route 4106, south of Khao Tum and north of Krong Pinang. Yala railway station is on the State Railway of Thailand Southern Line. Yala is approximately 1,100 km south of Bangkok.

Betong (Thai: เบตง, pronounced [bēː.tōŋ]; Malay: Betung (Jawi: بيتوڠ); Chinese: 勿洞) is a town (thesaban mueang) in southern Thailand, near the Malaysian border. It is the capital of Betong District, the southernmost district of Yala Province. As of 2005, the town has a population of 24,688. Betong is the southernmost town of Thailand and is popular with Malaysian tourists, due to its location at the border with the Malaysian state of Perak.

Yala province is in southern Thailand. The highest point of the Sankalakhiri Range (Northern Titiwangsa Mountains), the 1,533-meter (5,030 ft)-high Ulu Titi Basah (ฮูลูติติปาซา), is on the Thai/Malaysian border between Yala province and Perak.^[7] The total forest area is 1,455 km² (562 sq mi) or 32.5 percent of provincial area.

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National parks

There are three national parks, along with two other national parks, make up region 6 (Pattani branch) of Thailand's protected areas. (Visitors in fiscal year 2024)

Budo–Su-ngai Padi National Park	341 km2(132 sq mi)	(29,966)
Bang Lang National Park	261 km2(101 sq mi)	(22,468)
Namtok Sai Khao National Park	70 km2(27 sq mi)	(120,669)

Gesneriaceae

Notable Gesneriaceae species found in Yala Province, Thailand, include Paraboea verticillata and Codonoboea filicalyx (syn. Henckelia filicalyx), as well as select Aeschynanthus taxa. 

Key Gesneriaceae Discoveries in Yala

Paraboea verticillata: ชาคูหาภิมุข A notable new record for Thailand discovered on the limestone outcrops of Wat Khuha Phimuk (Wat Tham) in Na Tham Subdistrict, Mueang Yala District. It was previously known only in Peninsular Malaysia. 
Codonoboea filicalyx: A rare herb featuring yellowish-white funnel-form flowers with distinct yellow bands, endemic to southern Thailand and restricted strictly to the tropical evergreen rainforests of Yala and Narathiwat provinces at 300–1,100 meters altitude. 
Aeschynanthus species: Deep southern Yala province (including Betong) hosts localized or regional pendulose epiphytic shrubs from this genus, such as Aeschynanthus speciosus and Aeschynanthus pulcher, thriving in montane and evergreen rainforest habitats.
Aeschynanthus longicaulis Wall. ex R. Br.
Aeschynanthus rhododendron Ridl. 

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	Yala is divided into eight districts (amphoe), which are further divided into 56 subdistricts (tambon) and 341 villages (muban).

Map	No.	Name	Thai	Jawi	Malay
	1	Mueang Yala	เมืองยะลา	جالا,جالر	Jala, Jalor
	2	Betong	เบตง	بتوڠ	Betung
	3	Bannang Sata	บันนังสตา	بنداڠ ستر	Bendang Setar
	4	Than To	ธารโต	اير كدوڠ	Air Kedung
	5	Yaha	ยะหา	جاها	Jaha/ Jahar
	6	Raman	รามัน	رمان	Reman
	7	Kabang	กาบัง	كابي	Kabae, Kabe
	8	Krong Pinang	กรงปินัง	كمڤوڠ فينڠ	Kampung Pinang

Local government

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As of 26 November 2019 there are:^[16] one Yala Provincial Administration Organisation (ongkan borihan suan changwat) and 16 municipal (thesaban) areas in the province. Yala has city (thesaban nakhon) status and Sateng Nok and Betong have town (thesaban mueang) status. Further 13 subdistrict municipalities (thesaban tambon). The non-municipal areas are administered by 47 Subdistrict Administrative Organisations - SAO (ongkan borihan suan tambon).