Mukdahan Flora

 Mukdahan

 Mukdahan (Thai: มุกดาหาร [múk̚dāːhǎːn]; Isan: มุกดาหาร [mùk̚dàːhǎːn]) is a border province located in the upper northeastern region of Thailand. Its topography lies within the Sakon Nakhon basin, with the Mekong River serving as a natural boundary separating Mukdahan province from Savannakhet province, Laos. The provincial administrative center is approximately 652 kilometers from Bangkok and about 108 kilometers from Nakhon Phanom province. Mukdahan is part of the Upper Northeastern Region 2 provincial cluster, also known as the "SNUK" group (comprising Sakon Nakhon, Nakhon Phanom, and Mukdahan

วัดพระศรีมหาโพธิ์

Mukdahan is an ancient city with a long history dating back to the pre-settlement period. Archaeologicalevidence indicates that this area was once the site of prehistoric communities dating back approximately 3,000–5,000 yearsThe province's historical narrative begins with the establishment of Mueang Mukdahan in 1770 during the Thonburi Kingdom, founded by Prince Kinnari Chanthakinnaree. After 137 years as a first-class city, it was administratively reformed and consolidated into a district of Mueang Nakhon Phanom and subsequently became part of Nakhon Phanom province.It remained a district for 75 years before being elevated and separated from Nakhon Phanom province on September 27, 1982. It is the 73rd province of Thailand (counting Bangkok) or the 72nd (counting only provincial administrative divisions)

The northern and southern parts of the province are plateaus. To the west lies the Phu Phan Mountains, characterized by sparse to dense forests. The eastern part consists of plains interspersed with forests, with the Mekong River serving as the natural border between Thailandand the Lao People's Democratic Republic, stretching approximately 72 kilometers. Plains account for 20 percent of the provincial area. Natural resources are abundant, with forest area approximately 953,300 rai, representing 35.15 percent of the provincial area.

Mukdahan province shares borders with:

• North: Sakon Nakhon province and Nakhon Phanom province
• East: Savannakhet province, Laos, with the Mekong River forming the boundary
• South: Amnat Charoen province, Yasothon province, and Roi Et province
• West: Roi Et province and Kalasin province

Highest points

Banphu cultural village 

Ban Phu Cultural Village in Ban Pao sub-district, surrounded by mountains and enchanting nature, is a Phu Thai village that has impressively retained its traditions and culture. Tourists can experience homestay accommodation and many cultural activities where they can learn about the villagers’ way of life and customs. Learn the Phu Thai dialect through local games, dress like a villager in ‘Sin Thiew’ sarongs and ‘Sabai’ cloth sashes or even a hand-made shirt dyed with indigo and decorated with red trim. Other exciting activities are available, such as giving alms to Buddhist monks in the morning and learning how to weave cotton fabric by hand. Visitors can join in with authentic rice farming and harvesting methods or spend the afternoon observing the drum parade, Baisi Sukhwan (wrist-binding ceremony), artisans working on their woodcarving and bamboo basketry, etc. Tourists who would like to stay overnight at the village’s homestay accommodation, take part in the enjoyable mentioned activities, or organize any study visits should contact the Ban Phu Homestay Village in advance at Tel. 08 1047 4218.

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Phu Pha San is the highest peak in Mukdahan province, a tourist attraction and scenic viewpoint challenging for eco-tourists. At 617 meters above sea level, it is located in the Dong Phu Sithan National Reserved Forest, near Ban Mad, Ban Lao Subdistrict, Khamcha-i District, approximately 10 kilometers from Khamcha-i and 42 kilometers from Mukdahan town. The base area connects to the Phu Pha Mueang Wildlife Sanctuary.^[30]

Phu Chom Si is the highest peak within Phu Pha Thoep National Park, covering Mueang Mukdahan District and Don Tan District, at approximately 420–460 meters above sea level.^[31]

Lowest points

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Lowland areas and Mekong riverbanks (covering Wan Yai District, Mueang Mukdahan District, and Don Tan District) have elevations below 200 meters above sea level, with the lowest points along the Mekong riverbank at approximately 130–140 meters above sea level.^[3

The EWEC route from Mukdahan can connect to Chongzuo, Nanning, China, at 1,347 kilometers: Mukdahan to Dong Ha, Quang Tri Province, Vietnam, 327 kilometers; from Dong Ha north through Dong Hoi, Quang Binh Province, Ha Tinh Province, Vinh, Nghe An Province, Thanh Hoa Province, Ninh Binh Province, to Hanoi, 620 kilometers, all asphalt two-lane road. Travel from Mukdahan requires an overnight stop at Vinh, Nghe An Province. This route connects to southern China from Hanoi through Lang Son, Vietnam's border city, 165 kilometers, entering China at Youyi Pass, to Pingxiang, through Chongzuo, to Nanning, Guangxi Province, 230 kilometers.

National parks and nature conservation areas

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• Phu Pha Thoep National Park (covering Mueang Mukdahan and Don Tan districts)
• Phu Sa Dok Bua National Park (covering Mukdahan, Yasothon, and Amnat Charoen)
• Phu Pha Yon National Park (covering Sakon Nakhon, Nakhon Phanom, and Mukdahan)
• Phu Si Than Wildlife Sanctuary (covering Mukdahan and Kalasin)
• Dong Bang I Forest Park (Na Kok Subdistrict, Nikhom Kham Soi District)
• Tham Pha Nam Thip Non-hunting Area (covering Roi Et, Kalasin, and Mukdahan)

Phu Mue , Phu Sa Dok Bua National Park

Gesneriaceae

Mukdahan Province, Thailand, notable Gesneriaceae (the African violet or gesneriad family) include species from protected areas like Phu Pha Thoep National Park and Mueang Mukdahan district, featuring regional representatives such as Microchirita and related limestone/sandstone-dwelling herbaceous flora. 

หยาดสวนสวรรค์

Key Gesneriaceae Records in Mukdahan

Microchirita species: Documented in locations like Phu Pha Thoep National Park (e.g., Microchirita hypocrateriformis and related lowland or rock-dwelling herbs). 
Habitats: Typically found clinging to sandstone terrain, seasonal damp rock crevices, and mixed deciduous-to-dry evergreen forest margins unique to the Isaan region.

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Regional administration

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The province is divided into 7 districts (amphoe), 53 subdistricts (tambon), and 526 villages (muban).^[35]

No.	District name	Number of subdistricts	Area (km²)
1	Mueang Mukdahan District	13	1,235.066
2	Nikhom Kham Soi District	7	377.158
3	Don Tan District	7	510.923
4	Dong Luang District	6	1,076.158
5	Khamcha-i District	9	645.694
6	Wan Yai District	5	84.483
7	Nong Sung District	6	410.384
Total		53	4,339.830