Ornithoboea
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| Ornithoboea arachnoidea (Diels) Craib |
Ornithoboea is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Gesneriaceae. Ornithoboea are perennial herbs, with stems curved at base. Leaves are opposite, often (slightly) anisophyllous. Distribution is from southern China southward to the northern part of the Malay Peninsula (China, Malaysia, east Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam).
The plants grow on rocks, in shaded, humid places and some (possibly all) species are confined to limestone.
A few species, in particular O. arachnoidea (S. China, N. Thailand), are remarkable for the extraordinary similarity of the flowers to orchid flowers.
Source (adapted): Genera of Gesneriaceae
It includes 17 species native to south-central China, Indochina, and Peninsular Malaysia,Thailand.
🔵 Ornithoboea
หญ้าขนตาเสือ
Ornithoboea arachnoidea (Diels) Craib
Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 11: 251 (1920); Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 294 (1958); Wang, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 69: 477 (1990); Wang et al., Fl. China 18: 369 (1998); Burtt, Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 29: 100 (2001). — Boea arachnoidea Diels, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5: 225 (1912). TYPE: China, Yunnan, Ming kwang valley, Near Pei sha, 1828–2137 m, October 1905, G. Forrest 929 (holotype E; isotypes BM, K).
staminodes 3, two of which 1.5–1.8 mm long, the third 0.2 mm long. Ovary c. 2 × 1.5 mm, densely glandular pubescent throughout; style c. 5 mm long; stigma globose/rounded. Fruit 9.1–16.7 × 1.9–2.2 mm, twisted, glandular pilose, style persistent.
Distribution. Southern China and Thailand. Very likely to also occur in Myanmar and Laos.
Ecology. On karst limestone, usually in shade or in cave mouths or soil pockets on cliffs and slopes, over a wide altitudinal range of 490–2420 m.
Provisional IUCN Conservation Assessment. Least Concern (LC). This species is widespread and locally common.
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| Mam Chiang Mai sep25 |
THAILAND: Chiang Mai: Chiang Dao, Road to Wiang Haeng, 21 Sep 2008, Middleton, D.J. et al. 4538 (E); Chiang Dao, Doi Chiang Dao Wildlife Sanctuary, 5 Nov 1961, Bunchuai, K. 1174 (BKF); ibidem, 4 Nov 1995, Gardner, S. & Gardner, N. H238 (L); ibidem, 15 Aug 1935, Garrett, H.B.G. 979 (E, K); ibidem, 10 Aug 1935, Garrett, H.B.G. 973 (A, ABD, L, P); ibidem, 17 Aug 1935, Garrett, H.B.G. 982 (K, P); ibidem, 8 Oct 1995, Maxwell, J.F. 95858 (A, BKF, L); ibidem, 13 Aug 1995, Parnell, J. et al. 95048 (BKF, K); ibidem, 23 Oct 1926, Put, N. 429 (ABD, BM, K); ibidem, 11 Sep 1967, Tagawa, M. et al. 9783 (BKF); Chiang Dao, Doi Chiang Dao Wildlife Sanctuary, Pha Blong Cave area, 10 Sep 1989, Maxwell, J.F. 891070 (A, E, L, MO); Chiang Dao, Doi Chiang Dao Wildlife Sanctuary, Tham Pha Phlong, 20 Sep 2008, Middleton, D.J. et al. 4523 (E); Mae Taeng, Doi Mawn Ngaw, 12 Aug 2002, Palee, P. 542 (L). Chiang Rai: Mae Sai, Doi Tung, 14 Nov 2010, van de Bult, M. 1122 (BKF); Wiang Pa Pao, 28 Sep 1996, Pooma, R. 1390 (BKF). Lampang: Mueang Pan, Jae Son National Park, Wang Di, Doi Pha Ngam, 25 Aug 1996, Maxwell, J.F. 961149 (BKF, L). Mae Hong Son: 10 Sep 1974, Larsen, K. & Larsen, S.S. 34327 (AAU, E); Pangmapha, Tham Lot cave area, Middleton, D.J. et al. 5232 (E).
🔵Ornithoboea barbanthera B.L.Burtt/
แก่นขมิ้นพระยานคร
Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 297 (1958); Burtt, Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 29: 101 (2001). TYPE: Thailand, Prachuap Khiri Khan, Sam Roi Yot, 50 m, 13 July 1926, A.F.G. Kerr 10977 (holotype ABD; isotypes BM, E, K).
พรรณไม้ถิ่นเดียวและหายากของไทย พบและเก็บตัวอย่างครั้งแรกเมื่อปี 1926 โดยหมอคาร์ (A. F. G. Kerr) ตัวอย่างหมายเลข 10977 ที่อุทยานแห่งชาติแห่งชาติเขาสามร้อยยอด จังหวัดประจวบคีรีขันธ์ มีเขตการกระจายพันธุ์ในประเทศไทยเฉพาะทางภาคตะวันตกเฉียงใต้ พบขึ้นตามริมหน้าผาหรือพื้นที่เปิดโล่งบนเขาหินปูนริมทะเล
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| เขาสามร้อยยอด 27 Sep 25 |
apices narrowly acute, sparsely puberulous above, more densely so beneath, ciliate; sepals mostly reflexed when in fruit. Corolla bilabiate, c. 20 mm long, lilac throughout, glabrous outside; tube c. 7.5 mm long; upper lip slightly 2-lobed, erect, each lobe 1.5–3 mm long, apices rounded, glabrous except for a ring of short hairs on the ridge of tissue at the base of the lip which runs down to the sinus with the lower lip; lower lip 3-lobed, slightly reflexed, c. 13 mm long, glabrous except for palatal beard at base of lobes, each lobe c. 6.5 × 6.5 mm,
obovate, central lobe overlapping lateral lobes, lobes not ciliate. Stamens with a pronounced sterile projection, yellow, 1.8–2 mm long; filaments 1.4–1.6 mm long; anthers 1 × 2–2.2 mm, densely bearded, lightly fused at the tips; staminodes 3, two of which c. 1.5 mm long, yellow, the third 0.3 mm long. Ovary 2.8–3 × 1.7 mm, glandular puberulent; style c. 8.5 mm long, glandular puberulent; stigma globose/rounded. Fruit 4.7–12.4 × 2.2–3.4 mm, twisted to barely twisted, densely pubescent.
🔵Ornithoboea grandiflora D.J.Middleton
ขนตาเสือดอกใหญ่
Ornithoboea grandifora D.J.Middleton, sp. nov.
Most similar to Ornithoboea wildeana Craib and Ornithoboea lacei Craib in the larger
flowers, but differing from both in the geniculate filaments with no projection (large
projection in O. wildeana and O. lacei); additionally differing from O. wildeana in the
much denser pubescence in the palatal beard and circlet, and in the retuse corolla
lobes; and differing from O. lacei in having smaller flowers.
Type: Thailand, Mae Hong Son, Pang Ma Pha, Tham Lod Cave area, 640 m, 22 x 2014, D.J. Middleton, C. Hemrat, P. Karaket, C. Puglisi & S. Suddee 5826 (holo BKF; iso E, QBG, SING
[plus spirit]).
พรรณไม้ชนิดใหม่ของโลก ตีพิมพ์เมื่อปี 2017 จากเขตรักษาพันธุ์สัตว์ป่าลุ่มน้ำปาย อำเภอปางมะผ้า จังหวัดแม่ฮ่องสอน ไม้ล้มลุกขึ้นบนหินปูน ลำต้น กิ่ง ใบ มีขนเหนียว ดอกสีม่วง โคนกลีบปากมีขนหนาแน่น ภาพจาก type locality
ขอขอบคุณ Dr Carmen Puglisi สำหรับชื่อพฤกษศาสตร์
* ทีมสำรวจพรรณไม้ภาคเหนือ
🔵Ornithoboea lacei Craib
Ornithoboea lacei Craib
Bull. Misc. Info. Kew. 1913: 115 (1913); Craib, Curtis’s Bot. Mag. t. 8627 (1915); Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 297 (1958). TYPE: Burma, Anisakan, Maymyo Plateau, 900 m, 25 August 1912, Lace 5926 (holotype K; isotype E). (
Additional specimens examined: THAILAND: Chiang Mai: Doi Chiang Dao, vouchered from cultivated collection, 4 Dec 1961, Unknown C.4080 (E).
VIETNAM: Ha Giang: Hang Co mountain, vouchered from cultivated collection, 16 Apr 2004, Scott s.n. (E). Son La: Moc Chau, Chieng Hac Municipality, 31 Oct 2006, Hiep, N.T. et al. HAL9419 (MO). Thanh Hoa: Quan Hoa District, Phu Le Municipality, Hang Village, 4 Oct 2003, Averyanov, L. et al. HAL3889 (MO).
🔵Ornithoboea multitorta B.L.Burtt
ช่อดาราจักร
Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 29: 101 (2001). TYPE: Thailand, Phatthalung, Amphoe Sii Ban Phot, Khao Pu-Khao Ya National Park, 140 m, 14 Jul 2000, D.J. Middleton, T. Boonthavikoon, S.J. Davies, C.Hemrat & M.F. Newman 444 (holotype E, untraced; lectotype K, designated here; isotypes AAU, BKF, P, SING).
Herb; stem 30–100(–150) cm tall, to 2.7–5.2 mm diameter, glandular pubescent throughout, leaf internodes 2–11.5 cm. Leaves opposite, green above, paler below; petiole 3.5–13(–17.5) cm long, densely glandular puberulous, blade herbaceous, ovate to broadly ovate, 4–17.8(–22) × 4–12.5 cm, apex narrowly acute to attenuate, base slightly unequal, oblique to slightly cordate, margin weakly to strongly crenate/ bicrenate to dentate, the teeth 1.3–4.7 mm; 9–11 pairs of secondary veins, tertiary venation reticulate; glandular puberulous above, more dense beneath with hairs of various lengths throughout. Inflorescence axillary, 4–9.5 cm long, pseudoracemose, densely glandular pubescent throughout; peduncle 1.7–4.4 cm long; bracts linear to triangular, c. 3.5 × 0.4 mm; pedicels 7.1–10.9 mm long. Sepals ovate to lanceolate, green, 3-veined, 5–6 × 1.8–2.7 mm, apices narrowly acute, sparsely puberulous above, more densely so beneath, ciliate; sepals often reflexed when in fruit. Corolla bilabiate, c. 10 mm long, pale lavender/lilac throughout, glabrous outside; tube 4.5–5.1 mm long; upper lip very slightly 2-lobed, c. 1.5 mm long, reflexed, emarginate in centre, c. 0.6 mm deep, glabrous except for a ring of short white hairs on the ridge of tissue at the base of the lip which runs down to the sinus with the lower lip; lower lip 3-lobed,
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| กรุงชิง 28/7/25 |
c. 5 mm long, central lobe reflexed, glabrous except for palatal beard at base of lobes, each lobe c. 3.5 × 1.8–2.6 mm, lateral lobes slightly falcate, central lobe slightly ovate, apices rounded, fully reflexed. Stamens with a pronounced sterile projection, 0.7–1 mm long, yellow; filaments 1.2–1.6 mm long; anthers 0.6–1 × 1.5–2.1 mm, hairy, lightly fused at the tips; staminodes 3, two of which 1–1.5 mm long, the third 0.2 mm long. Ovary 1–1.4(–2) × 1.5–2.1 mm, glandular pubescent; style 5.5–6.1 mm long, glandular pubescent; stigma globose/rounded. Fruit 7.5–12.3 × 1.9–2.4 mm, tightly twisted, pubescent to densely pubescent.
Distribution. Southern Thailand.
Ecology. On karst limestone, usually shaded, at 80–350 m altitude.
Provisional IUCN Conservation Assessment. Near Threatened (NT). The currently known EOO of this species is < 5000 km2 and the AOO 16 km2, both of which would qualify it for Endangered if there were associated threats. However, most of the known localities are in National Parks where there is some disturbance but the extent of which is not currently likely to qualify the species as Endangered. Therefore, it is given a category of Near Threatened and its status should be monitored. Middleton (2012c) gave this species an assessment of Data Deficient but at that time the species delimitation only included the type collection.
Additional specimens examined: THAILAND: Nakhon Si Thammarat: Nopphitam, Tham Lot Cave, 13 Feb. 2005, Williams, K. et al. 1460 (BKF, E, K, KEP). Phatthalung: 23 Sep. 1986, Maxwell, J.F. 86-700 (A, BKF, PSU); Ban Phot, 20 Dec. 1979, Shimizu, T. et al. T-27741 (BKF); Si Banphot, Khao Pu-Khao Ya National Park, 26 Oct. 1993, Larsen, K. et al. 44040 (A, AAU, BKF, K). Surat Thani: Tai Rom Yen National Park, Tham Khamin, 18 Dec. 2006, Pooma, R. et al. 6411 (A, BKF).
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| Twisted fruits of O.multitorta |
This species, like Ornithoboea pseudoflexuosa and O. flexuosa, is only found in southern Thailand. It can be recognised by the fully reflexed central lobe of the lower corolla lip, tightly twisted fruit and short corolla tube. It shares the characters of a reflexed corolla lobe, a pseudoracemose inflorescence and ovate to lanceolate sepals with Ornithoboea pseudoflexuosa. There has been much confusion between Ornithoboea flexuosa, O. pseudoflexuosa and O. multitorta and the three species are often misidentified, especially when sterile (see notes on O. flexuosa and O. pseudoflexuosa). Ornithoboea flexuosa does not have the reflexed central lobe and its fruits are smaller and almost straight. In addition Ornithoboea multitorta has a longer corolla tube and sepals and bearded anthers. Ornithoboea multitorta shares a greater affinity to O. pseudoflexuosa but they can be distinguished by the tightly twisted fruits, longer internodes, shorter inflorescences, and longer sepals of O. multitorta.
🔵Ornithoboea occulta B.L.Burtt
กระบองกุมภัณฑ
ภาคตะวันตกของประเทศไทย ช่วง กค-ตค
Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 29: 101 (2001). TYPE: Thailand, Kanchanaburi, Between Huay Ban Kao and Kritee, 500 m, 4 July 1973, R. Geesink & C. Phengklai 6078 (holotype E; isotypes AAU, K, L, P). (Fig. 7, 11–13).
Herb; stem 9–30 cm tall, to 1.9–4.8 mm diameter, glandular pubescent throughout, leaf internodes 1.7–6.2 cm. Leaves opposite; petiole 4.5–11.5(–15) cm long, puberulous; blade herbaceous, ovate to elliptic, 4–21 × 2.5–12 cm, apex narrowly acute, base slightly unequal, broadly oblique, margin weakly to strongly crenate/ bicrenate to dentate/duplicato-dentate, the teeth 1.3–4.8 mm; 7–10 pairs of secondary veins, tertiary venation reticulate; glandular puberulous above and below with hairs of various lengths throughout. Inflorescence axillary, 3–7 cm long, glandular pubescent throughout; peduncle 9–26 mm long; bracts linear to triangular, 2.5–5.1 × 0.8–1.3 mm; pedicels 9–21 mm long. Sepals ovate to elliptic, white, 3-veined, 5.8–7.3 × 2.5– 3.2 mm, apices narrowly acute, sparsely puberulous above, more densely so beneath, ciliate; sepals slightly reflexed when in fruit. Corolla bilabiate, c. 14 mm long, dark blue, glabrous outside; tube 3.5–4.6 mm long, white; upper lip slightly 2-lobed, erect, each lobe c. 2 mm long, apices retuse, pubescent on inside lower half of lobe in addition to a ring of short hairs on the ridge of tissue at the base of the lip which runs down to the sinus with the lower lip; lower lip 3-lobed, slightly reflexed, c. 6.8 mm long, glabrous except for palatal beard at base of lobes, lateral lobes c. 6.8 × 4.2 mm, central lobe c. 5.7 × 4.2 mm, lobes oblong, apices rounded with occasional notch. Stamens without pronounced sterile projection; filaments thickened, geniculate and curved through 90o, 1–1.7 mm long; anthers 0.6–0.8 × 1.2–1.8 mm, glabrous, lightly fused at the tips; staminodes 3, two of which 1–2.2 mm long, the third 0.3 mm long. Ovary c. 1.2 × 0.7–0.9 mm, glandular puberulent; style c. 5.5 mm long, glandular puberulent; stigma globose/rounded. Fruit 5–6.5 × 1.8–2.8 mm, smaller than the calyx lobes, barely twisted, densely pubescent.
Additional specimens examined: THAILAND: Kanchanaburi: s.l., 16 Aug 1971, Unknown 2983 (BKF); Thong Pha Phum, 4 Jul 1973, Maxwell, J.F. 73-105 (AAU); ibidem, Maxwell, J.F. 73-105 (AAU); ibidem, 22 Aug 2006, Triboun, P. 3638 (E); Thong Pha Phum, Huai Lam Khlong Ngu, Suthasorn 2490 (BK). Tak: Khao Pha Wo, 23 Jul 1973, Murata, G. et al. 16925 (L); Mae Sot, Phawo Shrine, 11 Sep 2009, Middleton, D.J. & Triboun, P. 4858 (E); Umphang, 14 Apr 1999, Chayamarit, K. 1588 (BKF).
Notes. There are many similarities between Ornithoboea occulta and O. obovata and they share the characters of geniculate filaments, long peduncles and slightly reflexed lower corolla lobes. However, Ornithoboea occulta has slightly twisted fruits, longer inflorescences, a large palatal beard, and oblong corolla lobes. Ornithoboea obovata differs in having almost non-twisted fruits with a distinctive persistent style curved through 180°, a shorter inflorescence, a small palatal beard, and obovate corolla lobes.
🔵Ornithoboea parishii C.B.Clarke
in A.DC. & C.DC., Monogr. Phan. 5(1): 148 (1883); Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 4: 366 (1884); Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 296 (1958). TYPE: Burma, Moulmein, 1060 m, 1862, C.S.P. Parish 434 (holotype K). 
Description: Perennial herbs, stem curved at base. Leaves opposite, often (slightly) anisophyllous, petiolate, lamina ± ovate, obliquely subcordate at base, apex acute, margin crenate or serrate-dentate. Indumentum variable, in some species densely woolly or arachnoid. Cymes axillary, sometimes unilateral (pair-flowered cincinni). Sepals free to base, persistent, often reflexed. Corolla tube funnel-shaped or distinctly inflated in the upper part; limb bilabiate, the upper lip of two short blunt lobes, lower lip much larger, 3-lobed; palate with a beard of large unicellular club-shaped hairs; a line of hairs forming a circlet around the corolla mouth. Stamens 2 (the anterior pair); filaments straight or geniculate or with a definite sterile knob at the knee; anthers cohering face to face, reniform; staminodes 2-3. Ovary conical, pubescent or pilose. Fruit a spirally twisted capsule.
Stem 18 cm tall, to 2.6 mm diameter, glandular pubescent throughout, leaf internodes 30–40 mm. Leaves opposite; petiole 5–8 cm long, puberulous; blade herbaceous, ovate to elliptic, 6–14 × 5–7 cm, apex acute, base oblique, rounded, margin weakly to strongly crenate/bicrenate to dentate, the teeth 1–1.5 mm; c. 10 pairs of secondary veins, tertiary venation reticulate; glandular puberulous above and below with hairs of various lengths throughout. Inflorescence axillary, 4.2–4.5 cm long, puberulent throughout; peduncle 1.4–1.8 cm long; bracts linear to triangular, 6.4–11.4 × 2.2–2.7 cm; pedicels 8.7–12.4 mm long. Sepals narrowly ovate, green, 3-veined, c. 5.7 × 2.2 mm, apices narrowly acute, sparsely puberulous above, more densely so beneath, ciliate; sepals mostly reflexed in mature fruit. Corolla bilabiate, c. 13 mm long, pale blue; tube c. 5.5 mm long, glabrous; upper lip slightly 2-lobed, erect, each lobe c.1 mm long, apices obtuse, reflexed, puberulous in addition to a ring of short hairs on a ridge of tissue at the base of the lip which runs down to the sinus with the lower lip; lower lip 3-lobed, slightly reflexed with central lobe fully reflexed and flush against tube, glabrous except for a thick palatal beard at base of lobes, lateral lobes c. 9 × 1.8 mm, oblong, apices rounded, central lobe c. 7 × 2.3 mm, oblong, apices rounded. Stamens without a pronounced sterile projection; filaments 1.5 mm long, thickened, geniculate; anthers 0.5 × 2 mm, glabrous, lightly fused at the tips; staminodes 3, two of which c. 0.8 mm long, the third 0.2 mm long. Ovary 1.5 × 2 mm, glandular puberulent; style c. 4.5 mm long, glandular puberulent; stigma globose/rounded. Fruit c. 12 × 2 mm, green, slightly twisted, puberulous.
Distribution. Myanmar and Thailand.
Additional specimens examined: THAILAND: Tak: Umphang, 24 Apr 2004, Pooma, R. et al. 4644 (BKF); ibidem, 14 Jul 1999, Wongprasert, T. 99753 (BKF).
🔵Ornithoboea puglisiae S.M.Scott/
ขนตาเสือ
Most similar to Ornithoboea calcicola in the elliptic sepals with a narrowly acute apex but differs in having shorter fruits with a persistent style, glabrous anthers, and petioles up to twice as long. Differs from Ornithoboea wildeana in its shorter corolla, smaller lower lobes with triangular apices and shorter sepals. TYPE: Thailand, Nan, Muang Nan, Tham Pha Toop, Trail to Phra Cave, 300 m, 16 August 2012, D.J. Middleton, P. Karaket, S. Suddee & P. Triboun 5617 (holotype E; isotypes BKF, P).
Herb; stem 40–50 cm tall, to 2.7–6.5 mm diameter, pubescent, leaf internodes 3.8– 6.7 cm. Leaves opposite, light green; petiole 6–20 cm long; blade herbaceous, ovate to elliptic, 4–21(–25) × 4–11.8 cm, apex acuminate to narrowly acute, base slightly unequal, oblique to narrowly cordate, margin weakly to strongly crenate to dentate, rarely bicrenate to duplicato-dentate, the teeth 0.8–3 mm; c. 8 pairs of secondary veins, tertiary venation reticulate; glandular puberulous above, more densely so beneath, ciliate. Inflorescence axillary, 7–13 cm long, glandular pubescent throughout; peduncle 2.3–3.6 cm long; bracts linear to lanceolate, 4.1–13 × 0.5–1.6 mm; pedicels 6.7–19.1 mm long. Sepals elliptic, pale green, 3-veined, 8.2–8.7 × 3–3.3 mm, apices narrowly acute, glabrous inside, densely glandular puberulous outside, ciliate. Corolla bilabiate, c. 12.7 mm long, light purple to white throughout, glabrous outside; tube c. 6 mm long; upper lip 2-lobed, erect, each lobe 0.2–0.4 mm long, apices notched, puberulous in addition to a ring of short hairs on the ridge of tissue at the base of the lip which runs down to the sinus with the lower lip; lower lip 3-lobed, slightly reflexed, 6.8–9 mm long, glabrous except for palatal beard at base of lobes, each lobe 3.5–4.5 × 2.5–3 mm, oblong, apices rounded. Stamens with a pronounced sterile projection, projection 1.4–2 mm long, yellow; filaments c. 1 mm long; anthers 1.2–1.6 × 2.4–2.7 mm, slightly bearded, lightly fused at the tips; staminodes 3, two of which 1.8–2.5 mm long, the third 0.3–0.4 mm long. Ovary 1.5–1.8 × 1.2–1.5 mm, glandular puberulent throughout; style c. 9.2 mm long; stigma globose/rounded. Fruit 11.6–14.3 × 1.7–2.1 mm, twisted, puberulous, style often persistent.
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| Somkiet แจ้ซ้อน กย25 |
จากเขาหินปูน อำเภอวังสะพุง จังหวัดเลย ไม้ล้มลุกขึ้นตามหน้าผาหินปูน ลำต้น กิ่ง ใบ มีขนเหนียว กลีบดอกเชื่อมกันเป็นหลอด ดอกสีม่วง โคนกลีบปากมีขนหนาแน่น
ขอขอบคุณ Dr David Middleton สำหรับชื่อพฤกษศาสตร์
* ทีมสำรวจพรรณไม้ภาคตะวันออกเฉียงเหนือ
🔵Ornithoboea flexuosa (Ridl.) B. L. Burtt
กระบองทศคีรีธร
Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 297 (1958); Burtt, Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 29: 101 (2001). – Lepadanthus flexuosus Ridl., J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 74(2): 782 (1909); Ridley, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2: 538 (1923); Henderson, Journ. Malay. Br. Roy. As. Soc. 17: 61 (1939). TYPE: Malaysia, Kedah, Gunung Geriang [Keriang], March 1910, H.N. Ridley 14912 (neotype BM, designated here; isoneotypes E, K, SING, US).
Herb; stem 10–45(–200) cm tall, to 1.9–4.5 mm diameter, glandular pubescent throughout, leaf internodes (1.3–)2.5–5.5 cm. Leaves opposite; petiole (1.3–)2.8– 11.5(–25.1) cm long, densely puberulous, blade herbaceous, ovate to elliptic, 6–20 × 4–12 cm, apex acute to broadly acute, base unequal, oblique to rounded, margin weakly to strongly crenate/bicrenate to dentate/duplicato-dentate, the teeth 1.9–4.7(–5.7) mm; 8–10 pairs of secondary veins, tertiary venation reticulate; light green above, paler below, glandular puberulous above, more dense beneath with hairs of various lengths throughout. Inflorescence axillary, 3–9.1(–10.8) cm long, pseudoracemose, densely glandular pubescent throughout; peduncle (1.5–)1.9–4.7(–5.7) cm long; bracts linear to lanceolate, c. 4 × 1 mm; pedicels 8–11(–13) mm long. Sepals ovate, green to white, 3-veined, 4.5–5.5 × 1.5–2.2 mm, apices narrowly acute, glandular puberulous outside, more densely so beneath, ciliate. Corolla bilabiate, c. 9.5–10 mm long, purple/lilac throughout, glabrous outside; tube 3.2–4 mm long; upper lip very slightly 2-lobed, 1.2 mm long, lobes c. 0.7 mm long, white, erect to reflexed, notched in centre, glabrous except for a ring of short white hairs on the ridge of tissue at the base of the lip which runs down to the sinus with the lower lip; lower lip 3-lobed, c. 7 mm long, lip slightly reflexed, glabrous except for white palatal beard at base of lobes, each lobe c. 3–4 × 1.3–1.6(–2.5) mm, lateral lobes slightly falcate, apices narrowly rounded to acute, central lobe oblong to slightly ovate, apex narrowly rounded to acute. Stamens with a pronounced sterile projection, 1–1.5 mm long; filaments c. 1 mm long; anthers 0.5 × 1.5(–3) mm, glabrous, lightly fused at the tips; staminodes 3, two of which 1.2–1.4 mm long, the third 0.2 mm long. Ovary 1.2 × 0.7–1.2 mm, densely glandular puberulent;style 3–5.5 mm long, densely glandular pubescent; stigma globose/rounded. Fruit 4.3–7(–8.2) × 1.6–2.5mm, barely twisted by quarter turn to non-twisted, glandular puberulous.
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| Young fruits photo by Piyapong |
Distribution. Peninsular Malaysia and Peninsular Thailand.
Ecology. Growing in fissures or small soil pockets on cliff faces and cave mouths on
karst limestone at 10–150 m altitude.
Provisional IUCN Conservation Assessment. Endangered (EN B2ab(iii)). This species has an Area of Occupancy of about 32 km2 and the known localities are mostly not in protected areas. Gunung Keriang in Kedah is heavily impacted by tourism.
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| ถ้ำตลอด สงขลา |
Additional specimens examined: THAILAND: Pattani: 23 Jul 1923, Kerr, A.F.G. 7307 (BM, K); ibidem, 26 Jul 1923, Kerr, A.F.G. 7307A (BM, K). Songkhla: Khao Chang Low, 24 Jul 1928, Kerr, A.F.G. 15892 (BM, K); Saba Yoi, 25 Nov. 1990, Larsen, K. et al. 41696 (AAU); ibidem, 4 Jun 2001, Pooma, R. et al. 2052 (BKF). Yala: Bukit Tapang, May 1917, Gwynne- Vaughan, D.T. 480 (K); Tham Talu, 16 Jun 1970, Smitinand, T. 11008 (BKF); Than To, 22 Apr 2005, Pooma, R. et al. 5147 (BKF); ibidem, 17 Jul 2004, Poopath, M. 104 (BKF, E). PENINSULAR MALAYSIA: Kedah: Alor Star, Gunung Keriang, 15 Nov 1915, Haniff, M. 640 (SING); ibidem, 18 May 1938, Kiah 35419 (SING); ibidem, 18 May 1938, Kiah s.n. (SING); ibidem, 1986, Weber, A. s.n. (SING); Bukit Hantu, 23 May 1957, Chew, W-L. CWL203 (SING).
🔵Ornithoboea pseudoflexuosa B. L. Burtt
กระบองทศคีรีวัน เบี้ยวใบติด
Ornithoboea pseudoflexuosa B.L.Burtt
Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 299 (1958); Burtt, Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 29: 101 (2001). TYPE: Thailand, Chumphon Province, Siepynan, [Ban Siep Yuan], 6 September 1927, N. Put 964 (holotype K (see note below); isotypes E, BM).
Herb; stem 18–80 cm tall, to 2.1 × 5.2 mm diameter, glandular pubescent throughout, leaf internodes 2.8–7.7 cm. Leaves opposite, pale green above, paler below; petiole 2.8–12(–18.5) cm long; blade herbaceous, elliptic to ovate, 6–19(–26) × 3.9–9.7 cm, apex acute to attenuate, base unequal, oblique to slightly rounded, margin weakly to strongly crenate/bicrenate to dentate/duplicato-dentate, the teeth 1.7–6.7 mm; 8–10 pairs of secondary veins, tertiary venation reticulate; densely to sparsely yellow- glandular puberulous throughout with hairs of various lengths. Inflorescence axillary, 3–8.2(–13.3) cm long, pseudoracemose, densely glandular pubescent throughout; peduncle 2.2–4.7(–6) cm long; bracts linear to lanceolate, 3.1–5.6(–25.6) × 1(–4.9) mm; pedicels 6–12.1(–16.4) mm long. Sepals ovate to lanceolate, green, 3-veined, 5.5–7.3(–10.3) × 2.1–2.5 mm, apices narrowly acute, puberulous above, more densely so beneath, ciliate; some sepals reflexed when in fruit. Corolla bilabiate, c. 10 mm long, purple/white to violet throughout, glabrous outside; tube c. 6.7 mm long; upper lip very slightly 2-lobed, erect to reflexed, 1.5–2 mm long, lobes c. 0.5 mm long, emarginate in centre, c. 0.6 mm deep, glabrous except for a ring of short white hairs on the ridge of tissue at the base of the lip which runs down to the sinus with the lower lip; lower lip 3-lobed, c. 6.6 mm long, central lobe completely reflexed, glabrous except for palatal beard at base of lobes, each lobe 2.2–3.5 × 2.2 mm, lateral lobes slightly falcate, apices rounded, central lobe slightly ovate. Stamens with a pronounced sterile projection, projection 1.5–1.9 mm long, yellow; filaments 0.6–1(–1.5) mm long; anthers 0.5–0.7(–1.3) × 1.8–2.2 mm, hairy, lightly fused at the tips; staminodes 3, two of which 1.3–2 mm long, the third 0.2 mm long. Ovary 0.9–2.1 × 0.9–1.2 mm, glandular puberulent throughout; style 5.5–6 mm long; stigma globose/rounded. Fruit 6.1–9.6 × 2.1–3.3 mm, twisted to more than half a turn or barely twisted, glandular puberulous.
Distribution. Thailand.
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| วัดถ้ำน้ำใส สงขลา 03/08/25 |
Additional specimens examined: THAILAND: Chumphon: Sawi, Khao Khai, Tham Thip Prida San Chang Len, 26 Dec 2006, Pooma, R. et al. 6679 (A, BKF, E); Thung Tako, Ban Khao Talu, 4 Dec 2002, Koonkhunyhod, N. & de Wilde-Duyfjes, B.E.E. 309 (BKF). Phatthalung: 12 Apr 1928, Kerr, A.F.G. 15145 (BM, K). Ranong: Ko Thalu, 3 Feb 1927, Kerr, A.F.G. 11790 (ABD). Surat Thani: Khao Wong, 24 Sep 1963, Smitinand, T. & Sleumer, H.O. 1236 (BKF); Phanom, 16 Feb 2005, Williams, K. & Pooma, R. 1546 (BKF); Phanom, Khao Sok National Park, 6 Sep 2008, Middleton, D.J. et al. 4318 (E); Phanom, Khlong Phanom National Park, 21 Oct 2010, Middleton, D.J. 5230 (E); ibidem, 26 Sep 2010, Middleton, D.J. et al. 5545 (E); ibidem, 7 Sep 2008, Middleton, D.J. et al. 4336 (E). Trang: Huay Yot, Wat Tham Iso, 9 Sep 2008, Middleton, D.J. et al. 4426 (E, KEP); ibidem, 10 Aug 2005, Pooma, R. et al. 5630 (BKF); ibidem, 14 Jun 2006, Williams, K. et al. 1741 (A, BKF, E); Lamphura, 15 Nov 1990, Larsen, K. et al. 41388 (AAU, BKF).
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| กรุงชิง 27/07/25 |
Notes. In the protologue Burtt (1958) cited the holotype as being at ABD but no specimens of this collection could be found there. However, there is a specimen at K (over two sheets labelled sheet 1 and 2) which has clearly been labelled as the holotype by Burtt. We consider this to have been an error in the protologue to be corrected rather than that the K material requires lectotypification.
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| Young fruit |
This species is only found in the south of Thailand and is recognisable by its large leaves, longish pseudoracemose inflorescences and the distinct character of a fully reflexed central lobe on the 3-lobed lower lip, a character it shares with Ornithoboea multitorta. Many other Ornithoboea species have a reflexed central lobe, such as
O. calcicola, O. emarginata, O. flexuosa and O. puglisiae, but in none of these does the lobe reflex past 90° as in O. multitorta and O. pseudoflexuosa.
There has been much confusion between Ornithoboea pseudoflexuosa, O. flexuosa and O. multitorta. Ornithoboea pseudoflexuosa can be separated from Ornithoboea flexuosa by the fully reflexed central lobe of the lower corolla lip. In Ornithoboea flexuosa the central lobe is not or only slightly reflexed. It differs further in having a fruit which is longer and more twisted, and anthers which are distinctly bearded.
Ornithoboea pseudoflexuosa bears a strong resemblance to Ornithoboea multitorta but differs in the barely twisted fruit, the longer corolla tube and longer sepals.
🔵Ornithoboea maxwellii S.M.Scott, sp.
Differs from all other Ornithoboea species in not having the palatal beard found on the lower corolla lip and from all except O. arachnoidea in having an arachnoid indumentum. It is most similar to Ornithoboea obovata with which O. maxwellii shares the character of non-twisted fruits with straight dehiscence but differs in having lanceolate sepals and arachnoid indumentum throughout. TYPE: Thailand, Chiang Mai Province, Hang Dong Subdistrict, Ban Pong, 850 m, 3 September 2003, J.F. Maxwell 03-268 (holotype E; isotypes A, CMU n.v., L).
Herb; stem c. 6–10.5 cm tall, to 1.3–2.4 mm diameter, glandular arachnoid pubescence throughout, leaf internodes 2.5–8 mm. Leaves opposite, deep green above, purple/red below; petiole 2.2–5.5 cm long; blade herbaceous, orbicular, 2.6–5.6 × 3–3.5 cm, apex obtuse, base slightly unequal, oblique to cordate, margin weakly to strongly dentate to crenate, rarely bicrenate, the teeth 1.5–4.6 mm; 5–6 pairs of secondary veins, tertiary
Additional specimens examined: THAILAND: Chiang Mai: Hang Dong, Ban Pong, 19 Aug 2004, Maxwell, J.F. 694 (A, BKF); ibidem, 2004, Möller, M. 04-439 (E).
Ornithoboea maxwellii S.M.Scott var. minutiflora D.J.Middleton, var. nov.
Similar to Ornithoboea maxwellii S.M.Scott var. maxwellii but differing in the purple corolla lobes with purple hairs (white corolla lobes with white hairs or with very few purple hairs at base of lower lip in O. maxwellii var. maxwellii), and the uniformly minute hairs on the calyx (mixture of minute hairs and sparse long arachnoid hairs in O. maxwellii var. maxwellii). – Type: Thailand, Tak, Mae Ramat District, Road
to Mae Sariang, 181 m alt., 19 x 2014, D.J. Middleton, C. Hemrat, P. Karaket, C. Puglisi & S. Suddee 5781 (holo BKF; iso E, QBG, SING [plus spirit]). Fig. 5.
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| ถ้ำสีฟ้า แแม่สอด ตาก 06/09/25 |
Herb on limestone rocks; base of stems with persistent leaf bases; stems densely arachnoid pubescent (i.e. with long, twisting and matted hairs). Leaves opposite, crowded; petioles densely arachnoid pubescent, 2.7–11 cm long; blade ovate or orbicular, 2.5–8.8 × 2.2–7.8 cm, 0.8–1.3 times as long as wide, base cordate, apex obtuse to rounded, margin coarsely crenate to dentate, 4–6 pairs of secondary veins, mixture of hairs of various lengths all over above, including sparse arachnoid hairs, similar beneath but more confined to venation so appearing sparser. Inflorescences cymose, 3- to 10-flowered, densely pubescent throughout with a mixture of shorter and longer glandular hairs and occasional much longer arachnoid hairs; peduncle 3.8–9 mm long; pedicels 5.5–10 mm long. Calyx of 5 lobes free to base, narrowly to broadly elliptic, 3–4 × 0.9–3.4 mm, enlarging slightly and persistent in fruit, apex acute to acuminate, densely minutely puberulent. Corolla c.9.2 mm long, tube white, lobes purple, tube minutely and sparsely glandular puberulent, lobes with longer glandular hairs inside and outside, more densely so inside; tube c.3.8 mm long; upper lip 2- lobed, each lobe 1.8 × 2.2 mm, apices rounded,
densely pubescent with purple hairs on upper lobes and in ring around throat; lower lip 3-lobed, not reflexed, c.5.4 mm long, lobes densely pubescent with purple hairs, without distinct palatal beard, lateral lobes c.2.8 × 2.6 mm, mid lobe c.3.2 × 2.5 mm, all lobes obovate, slightly overlapping, apices rounded. Stamens inserted at c.0.7 mm from corolla base; filaments thin at base, thickened higher, without pronounced sterile projection, geniculate, glabrous, c.2.2 mm long; anthers c.1 × 1.2 mm, glabrous, fused at the tips; staminodes 3, laterals c.1.5 mm long, medial c.0.1 mm long. Ovary c.1.5 mm long, densely glandular puberulent; style c.3 mm long, densely glandular puberulent. Stigma truncate. Fruit 7–8 mm long, 2– 2.5 mm wide, densely long hairy, style persistent.
🔵Ornithoboea wildeana Craib
กระบองเวสวัณ
Bull. Misc. Info. Kew. 1916: 268 (1916); Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 298 (1958); Li, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 3(2): 42 (1983); Wang, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 69: 479 (1990); Wang et al., Fl. China 18: 370 (1998); Burtt, Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 29: 101 (2001). TYPE: Thailand, Chiang Mai, Doi Chiang Dao, from cultivated collection at Trinity College Dublin Botanic Garden, 5 Aug 1914, Unknown s.n. (holotype K).
Herb; stem 30–150 cm tall, to 2.5–5.3(–8.9) mm diameter, red glandular pilose throughout, leaf internodes 3–10.2 cm. Leaves opposite; petiole 2–11.5 cm long; blade herbaceous, ovate to narrowly ovate, 4–21(–25) × 4–11.8 cm, apex acuminate to narrowly acute, base slightly unequal, oblique to narrowly cordate, margin weakly to strongly crenate to dentate, rarely bicrenate to duplicato-dentate, the teeth 0.8–3 mm; 8–10 pairs of secondary veins, tertiary venation reticulate, ciliate; glandular puberulous throughout with hairs of various lengths. Inflorescence axillary, 3–15(– 25) cm long, red glandular pilose throughout; peduncle 1.1–3.1(–5.2) cm long; bracts
linear to lanceolate, 6.5–18.3 × 0.8–1.6 mm; pedicels (6.7–)11.1–20.3 mm long. Sepals ovate to narrowly ovate, purple/pink to purple/green, 3-veined, 8–14.6 × 1.5–3.2 mm, spreading, apices narrowly attenuate, glandular puberulous above, more densely so beneath, ciliate. Corolla bilabiate, c. 17 mm long, blue/purple throughout, glabrous outside; tube (6.5–)7.8–9 mm long; upper lip slightly 2-lobed, erect, each lobe 0.5–0.7 mm long, apices emarginate, glabrous except for a ring of short hairs on the ridge of tissue at the base of the lip which runs down to the sinus with the lower lip; lower lip 3-lobed, slightly reflexed, c. 8 mm long, glabrous except for pale palatal beard at base of lobes, each lobe 3–4(–5) × 2.3–3 mm, slightly obovate, apices rounded, central lobe overlapping lateral lobes. Stamens with a pronounced sterile projection, projection 1.5–1.6 mm long, yellow to light blue; filaments 0.7–1 mm long; anthers (0.5–)1–1.5 × 2–2.8 mm, sparsely bearded, lightly fused at the tips; staminodes 3, two of which c. 1.5–2(–2.5) mm long, the third 0.3 mm long. Ovary 1.3–2.4(–3) × 0.9–1.5 mm, glandular puberulent throughout; style (6.1–)9–12.4 mm long; stigma globose/ rounded. Fruit 9.8–17.4 × 1.8–3.2 mm, twisted, pilose.
Distribution. China, Thailand, Laos, (Vietnam?).
Ecology. On karst limestone at 150–2100 m altitude.
Provisional IUCN Conservation Assessment. Least Concern (LC). This species is widespread (even allowing the doubt over the distribution in Vietnam) and locally fairly common.
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