Habitat: Dry evergreen forest, limestone, 100–200 Distribution: Pen Thailand: Surat Thani (Khao Sok).
Status: + VU
🔵Paraboea acutifolia (Ridl.) B.L.Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41: 423 (1984). – Boea acutifolia Ridl., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 32: 519 (1896). – Type: Peninsular Malaysia, Kedah, Pulau Langkawi, Gua Chinta [06°209N 99°489E], iii 1892 (fr), Curtis 2791 (lecto K, designated here; iso SING). Fig. 3.
THAILAND. Songkhla: Kao Roop Chang, Padang Besar, District Sadao [06°559N 100°249E], 100 m, 24 viii 1986 (fl), J.F. Maxwell 86-599 (A); Boriphat waterfall, Rattaphum District [07°049N 100°089E], 20 viii 1973 (fl), T. Smitinand 11935 (A, BKF). Phatthalung: Khao Phu Khao Yah, 07°409N 99°509E, 100 m, 26 x 1993, Larsen et al. 44044 (AAU). Trang: Kaowang (Kao Ulang), Sikao District [07°459N 99°269E], 3 viii 1929 (fl), Rabil 331 (ABD, E).
This species is characterised by a matted indumentum on the ovary that is retained on the capsule, unique in the whole genus. The excretion of calcium onto the upper leaf surface in many, but not all, specimens is also noteworthy. Paraboea acutifolia is similar to P. variopila in inflorescence structure but the latter has glandular hairs rather than a matted indumentum on the ovary and the capsule.
🔴Paraboea amplifolia Z.R.Xu & B.L.Burtt, Edinburgh J. Bot. 48: 1 (1991). – Type: Thailand, Nakawn Sritamarat [Nakhon Sri Thammarat], Kao Chem (Chim), Tunglung (Tungsong) [08°209N 99°409E], on rocks, 20 vii 1929 (fl, fr), Rabil 123 (holo K; iso ABD, BKF, BM, E). Fig. 4.
This species is unique in Paraboea by possessing a true arachnoid indumentum covering the whole plant. The large and membranous dried leaves and the small non- twisted capsule are also characteristic. 🔴Paraboea argentea Z.R.Xu, sp. nov.
Paraboeae harrovianae proxima, sed caule florescentei extenti ad 20 cm, cymis numerosis in pseudo-paniculam, indumentis argenteis differt. – Type: Thailand, Khon Kaen, Pha Nok Khao [16°309N 103°009E], 400–500 m, 10 ix 1963 (fl, fr), T. Smitinand & H. Sleumer 1141 (holo BKF; iso C, E, L, P).
Additional specimens examined. THAILAND. Prachuap Khiri Khan: Klawng Warn [Khlong Wan] [12°029N 99°349E], 16 x 1960 (fl), K. Chandraprasong 63 (BKF); Pran Buri District, Khao Sam Roi Yot National Park, trail from Tham Sai to Tham Phra Yanakhon, 12°119N 100°019E, 110 m, 18 viii 2002, D.J. Middleton et al. 1180 (A, BKF, E).
This new species can be distinguished from Paraboea harroviana by the extended flowering stem, c.20 cm long, usually with about 4 cymes, with flowering individuals appearing as if they have a terminal panicle. In addition the very thick layer of silvery matted indumentum is distinctive. In Paraboea harroviana var. harroviana the flowering stem is much shorter and there are often only 2 cymes from opposite axils near the base.
🔴Paraboea brunnescens B.L.Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41: 424 (1984). –
Type: Thailand, SW region, Kanchanaburi, Erawan National Park, 14°179N 99°159E, 400 m, evergreen forest along cascades, on limestone, 18 xi 1971, Beusekom, Geesink, Phengkhlai & Wongwan 3827a (holo L; iso BKF, C, K, P). There is a typographical error in the protologue where 3827a is given as 3837A.
Additional specimens examined. THAILAND. Hard Palom, 250 m, 25 xii 1961 (fr), K. Larsen 8958 (C). Kanchanaburi: Srisawad District, Kao Monglai [14°509N 99°009E], 9 viii 1967 (fl), Kasem 541 (BKF); Sai Yok [14°159N 99°109E], 200 m, 2 viii 1928 (fl), A. Marcan 2388 (BM); ibid., 2 viii 1928 (lv), Put 1836 (ABD, BKF, BM, K); Erawan National Park, 14°259N 99°049E, 300 m, 1 ix 1995, J. Parnell et al. 95-659 (BKF, K, TCD); Erawan Waterfall, 150 m, 10 x 1971 (fl), G. Murata et al. 16164 (L); Khao Salob, 19 viii 1968 (fl), B. Nimanong & S. Phusomsaeng 303 (BKF, L); Si Sawat [14°459N 99°009E], 24 viii 1968 (fl), Prayad 1538 (BKF); Ban Erawan, Si Sawat District [14°459N 99°009E], 250–330 m, 2 xi 1979 (fl), T. Shimizu et al. T-2146 (BKF); Erawan National Park, Si Sawat District, 100–300 m, 3 xi 1979 (fr), T. Shimizu et al. T-21555 (BKF, L). Mae Hong Son: Kun Yuam District [18°159N 98°009E], 600–700 m, 9 v 1974 (fr), K. Larsen & Larsen 34145 (AAU). Sukhothai: Near Pra Tah Due Nahm Doke So Gah Cha Nah Temple, Muang Gow District [17°009N 99°359E], 4 xi 1971 (fl, fr), J.F. Maxwell 71-666 (BKF). Surat Thani: Khao Yai, Samui Island [09°359N 99°579E], 25 vi 1966 (fr), Sakol 1116 (BKF).
This species is extremely similar to Paraboea glabriflora when one compares leaf morphology and inflorescence structure. In addition they are recorded from the same region. There are some differences between the type of Paraboea glabriflora and the collections cited above: whitish indumentum vs. dark brown on the leaves; sub- ordinate branches absent or present in the cyme. Paraboea glabriflora is known only from the type so fieldwork should be carried out at the type locality to help determine whether these differences are consistent enough to maintain the species or not.
🔴Paraboea chiangdaoensis Z.R.Xu & B.L.Burtt, Edinburgh J. Bot. 48: 3 (1991). – Type: Thailand, Chiangmai, Doi Chiangdao [Ban Chiangdao, 19°309N 99°009E], 23 x 1926 (fr), Put 430 (holo K; iso ABD, BM). Fig. 11.
🔴Paraboea elegans (Ridl.) B.L.Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41: 428 (1984). – Boea elegans Ridl., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 32: 522 (1896). – Type: Kedah, Kedah Peak (5 Gunong Jerai) [05°479N 100°279E], vi 1893 (fr, fl), H.N. Ridley s.n. (lecto SING, designated by Burtt (1984: 428)). Fig. 16.
THAILAND. Satun: Adang Island, Tarutao National Park [06°349N 99°069E], granite rocks, 300 m, 24 vi 1980 (fl, fr), Congdon 711 (AAU, E, PSU); Adang Island, near waterfall [Tarutao National Park], 22 x 1979 (fr), Congdon 87 (E).
Collections from Tarutao and Langkawi, previously Paraboea obovata but now reduced to synonymy (Burtt, 1971), differ from the typical sessile-leaved P. elegans by a distinct petiole up to 6 cm long. This species may be related to Paraboea minor and both are recorded from quartzite outcrops only. However, Paraboea elegans differs from P. minor in its whorled as opposed to opposite leaves.
🔴Paraboea ferruginea (Ridl.) Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 44: 68 (1905); Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41: 428 (1984). – Boea ferruginea Ridl., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 32: 521 (1896).
THAILAND. Kanchanaburi: Khao Pattawee [c.13°599N 99°209E], in crevices of limestone, 90 m, 18 xi 1961 (fr), K. Larsen 8311 (ABD).
This species is unique in the genus in its combination of a long pubescence with a distinct ferrugineous colour and its seemingly palmate venation. The indumentum occurs throughout the whole plant and the hairs can be as long as the calyx. This species may be related to Paraboea bakeri. Both species have a similar habit and leaf morphology, and have the same long calyx and short capsule. The locality of the single specimen from Thailand is quite distant from the other collections and its status should be reinvestigated with better collections.
🔴Paraboea glabra (Ridl.) B.L.Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 311 (1958) [but excluding the cited collections except for the type]; Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41: 429 (1984). – Boea glabra Ridl., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 32: 521 (1896). – Type: Thailand, Poongah, cult. Penang, C. Curtis 3039 (lecto K, designated by Burtt (1984: 429)).
Paraboea rupestris B.L.Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41: 436 (1984). – Type: Thailand, Peninsular region, Surat, Khao Pak Chong, 55 km W of Surat on Tekuapa road, 100 m, herb on limestone rocks, flowers white, leaves brown below, 25 ix 1963, Smitinand et al. 1277 (holo E; iso BKF, K, L).
Additional specimens examined. THAILAND. Phangnga: ‘Poongah’, ii 1893 (fl), C. Curtis 3039 (K). Surat Thani: 15 viii 1975 (fl), D. Praphat 24 (BKF, E).
🔴Paraboea glabrisepala B.L.Burtt, Kew Bull. 1941: 21 (1941); Barnett, Kew Bull. 15: 255 (1961); Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41: 429 (1984). – Boea glabrisepala (B.L.Burtt) Barnett, Kew Bull. 15: 255 (1961). – Type: Thailand, Payap [Chiang Mai], Doi Chiengdao, 28 xiii 1935 (fl), H.B.G. Garrett 1001 (lecto K, first step designated by Barnett (1961: 255), second step designated here; iso K, L). Fig. 17.
Additional specimens examined. THAILAND. Chiangmai: Doi Chiangdao [19°259N 99°009E], (fl), K. Boonchuai 948 (BKF); Doi Chiangdao, 680 m, 14 viii 1949 (fr), H.B.G. Garrett 1260 (K, L); Doi Chiangdao, north side of Doi Luang, above Sop Huay Pah Dahng-Huay Nah Lao Station, 1000 m, 8 x 1995, J.F. Maxwell 95-857 (L); Doi Chiangdao, east side, Pa Blawng Cave area, 575 m, 5 viii 1989, Maxwell 89-992 (A). Mae Hong Son: Doi Pui, SE of Mae Hong Son, 19°139N 98°029E, 800 m, 23 ix 1995 (fr), Larsen et al. 46840 (AAU, SING).
🔴Paraboea glanduliflora Barnett, Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam Soc. 20: 14 (1961); Barnett, Kew Bull. 15: 252 (1961); Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41: 429 (1984). – Type: Thailand, Payap [Chiang Mai], Doi Chiangdao [19°259N 99°009E], 2000 m, 16 vii 1958 (fl), Smitinand 4728 (lecto E, designated by Barnett, Kew Bull. 15: 252 (1961); iso BKF). Fig. 18.
THAILAND. Chiangmai: Doi Chiangdao, Doi Pee [19°259N 99°009E], 17 xi 1963 (fr), Adisai 670 (BKF); Doi Chiangdao, 15 xi 1962 (fl), K. Bunchuai BKF47649 (BKF); Doi Chiangdao, K. Bunchuai 968 (BKF); Doi Chiangdao, 2000 m, xi 1962 (fr), Cult. in E C5138 (E); Doi Chiangdao, 1300–1900 m, 26 ix 1971 (fr), G. Murata et al. T-15072 (L); Doi Chiangdao, 1300–1900 m, 27 ix 1971 (fl), G. Murata et al. T-15185 (L); Doi Chiangdao, 30 vi 1965 (fl), T. Smitinand et al. 7824 (E); Doi Chiangdao, 1620 m, 24 vii 1990, H. Banziger 704 (L).
This species may have some affinity to Paraboea pubicorolla. Both have some glandular pubescence on the corolla and the same pattern of subterminal cymose inflorescences. However, the scabrous leaf surface of this species is very different to the smooth leaf surface of Paraboea pubicorolla. Paraboea glanduliflora also shares some common characters with P. glabrisepala in corolla shape, stamen morphology, the gynoecium and bract morphology. Barnett (1961) supposed her species to have non-twisted capsules so she placed it in Paraboea (with non-twisted
capsules) rather than in Boea (with twisted capsules). It is now known that this species has twisted capsules and now only belongs in Paraboea due to the recircumscription by Burtt (1984). In our study we have found that all species with a subterminal cymose inflorescence possess twisted capsules rather than non-twisted capsules.
🔴Paraboea incudicarpa B.L.Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41: 430 (1984). – Type: Thailand, Tak Province, Pha Wo [16°529N 99°109E], 650 m, herb on limestone rocks, common, 13 vii 1972 (fr), Smitinand & Seidenfaden 11629 (holo E; iso BK). Fig.22
🔴Paraboea lancifolia (Ridl.) B.L.Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41: 431 (1984). – Boea lancifolia Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 2: 536 (1923). – Type: Thailand, Satun Province, Tarutao [06°509N 99°309E], x 1888 (fl), C. Curtis 16010 (lecto K, designated by Burtt (1984: 431)). Fig. 24.
🔴Paraboea minor (Barnett) B.L.Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41: 433 (1984). – Boea minor Barnett, Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam Soc. 20: 19 (1961); Barnett, Kew Bull. 15: 255 (1961). – Type: Thailand, Songkhla, on Kaokao [07°129N 100°309E], 29 ix 1929 (fl, fr), A.F.G. Kerr 17575 (lecto K, designated by Barnett, Kew Bull. 15: 255 (1961)) [cult. Bangkok]. Fig. 33.
🔴Paraboea multiflora (R.Br.) B.L.Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41: 433 (1984).
A. Paraboea multiflora var. multifloraTHAILAND. s.l., 10 xi 1965 (fl), P. Sangkhachand 25 (BKF). Chiangmai: Me Wang (type locality of Boea reticulata Barnett), 400 m, 19 vii 1922 (lv), A.F.G. Kerr 6356 (ABD, K); 12 km W of Hot, Hot District [18°129N 98°349E], 23 ix 1958 (fl), K. Larsen et al. 5210 (ABD, C); Maeklang Falls, 50 km NW of Chiang Mai, Jawn Tong District, Doi Inthanon National Park [18°309N 98°409E], 430 m, 3 xi 1967 (fr), B.L. Burtt 5612 (E); Nam Tok Mae Klang, Jawar Tong District, Doi Inthanon National Park, 25 xi 1965 (fl), S. Phusomsaeng 5 (BKF, L); Payap, West of Muang Hot [W of Hot, Hot District], in rocky forest [18°129N 98°349E], 23 ix 1958 (fl), T. Sorensen et al. 5201 (BKF); Hot District, Awp Luang Nature Park, Doi Awp Luang, Mae Jam River, c.15 km W of Hot, 550 m, 23 x 1987, Maxwell 87-1281 (L). Lampang: Lampang [18°229N 99°349E], 420 m, 23 viii 1922 (fr), Winit 740 (BKF, K). Nakhon Nayok: s.l., 29 vii 1959 (fl), T. Sorensen et al. 7803 (C); Nang Rawng Waterfall, 100 m, 29 vii 1959 (fr, fl), T. Smitinand & Floto 6106 (ABD, BKF, E, K).
B. Paraboea multiflora var. caulescens
Thailand, Kanchanaburi, near Neekey, near Wangka [14°159N 99°109E], steep slopes of limestone, 150 m, rather rare, 13 vi 1946 (fr, fl), G. Den Hoed Exp. No. 946 (holo L).
🔴Paraboea paramartinii Z.R.Xu & B.L.Burtt, Edinburgh J. Bot. 48: 10 (1991). – Type: China, Yunnan, Pu’er, cliff, 4500 ft (c.1350 m), 1901? (fr), A. Henry 13394 (holo E; iso K, MO, US). Fig. 37.
THAILAND. Chiangrai: Doi Tam Tu Pu, Saddle between peaks c.4 km west of Chiangrai town [5 Muang Chiang Rai] [19°569N 99°519E], 520 m, 5 x 1924 (fr), H.B.G. Garrett 204 (K).
This species is similar to Paraboea martinii (H.Le ́v.) B.L.Burtt in having the same kind of inflorescence, but can be distinguished by the larger and thinner leaves and the glabrous inflorescence.
🔴Paraboea patens (Ridl.) B.L.Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41: 435 (1984). – Boea patens Ridl., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 32: 520 (1896). – Type: Thailand, Punga [Phangnga] [08°329N 98°289E], collected in ii 1893, flowered in viii 1893 (in cultivation), Curtis s.n. (holo SING). Fig. 39.
Additional specimens examined. THAILAND. Phangnga: Kasoom [08°249N 98°279E], on limestone rock, C. Curtis 3218 (collected in 1896) (K, SING); Panga [Phangnga] [08°329N 98°289E], 12 xii 1918 (fr), M. Haniff & Nur 4026 (SING).
This species is characterised by its subterminal cyme which develops subordinate branches below and between the two primary branches on top of the peduncle. Paraboea divaricata shares the same inflorescence structure (subterminal cyme with subordinate branches) but has leaves in who
🔴Paraboea pubicorolla Z.R.Xu & B.L.Burtt, Edinburgh J. Bot. 48: 10 (1991). – Type: Thailand, Sisaket Province, Dongrak Range (14°309N 104°009E) at Ching Bat Lak, Kantaralak District, 500 m, on moist sandstone rocks by shaded stream zone, 17 viii 1976 (fl, fr), J.F. Maxwell 76-530 (holo L; iso AAU, BK).
Additional specimens examined. THAILAND. Sisaket: Khao Phra Viharn [15°079N 104°209E], c.400 m, sandstone, 24 viii 1972 (fl, fr), T. Smitinand 11676 (BKF). Trat: Laem Nawp District, Chang Island (5 Ko Chang) [12°009N 102°159E], 100 m, 2 viii 1973 (fl), J.F. Maxwell 73-310 (BKF).
This species has a similar inflorescence to Paraboea prolixa, P. cochinchinensis and P. harroviana. It can be distinguished from its possible relatives by its glabrous inflorescence and the pubescent corolla.
🔴Paraboea rabilii Z.R.Xu & B.L.Burtt, Edinburgh J. Bot. 48: 11 (1991). – Type: Thailand, Kaochom Lem, Ampoe Kaokao [07°359N 99°429E], on rock, 1 viii 1929 (fl, fr), Rabil 301 (holo E; iso ABD, BKF, BM, K).
Boea lanata auct. non Ridl.: Barnett, Fl. Siam. Enum. 3(3): 231 (1962).
Paraboea lancifolia auct. non (Ridl.) B.L.Burtt: Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard.
Edinburgh 41: 431 (1984), pro parte (quoad Rabil 301).
This species is similar to Paraboea suffruticosa but can be easily recognised by the large ratio of capsule vs. calyx (3–7 times) in a sharp contrast to P. suffruticosa (only 1.5–2 times).
🔴Paraboea regularis (Ridl.) Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 44: 67 (1905); Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41: 435 (1984). – Didymocarpus regularis Ridl., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 32: 515 (1896). – Type: Peninsular Malaysia, Langkawi [06°209N 99°489E], 1893, C. Curtis (s.n.) cult. Hort. Bot. Sing. (lecto SING, designated by Burtt (1984: 435); iso E).
Additional specimens examined. THAILAND. ‘Lower Siam’, Palau Panji [possibly Ko Panji in Phangnga], 2 xii 1918 (fr), M. Haniff & Nur 4013 (K, SING).
🔴Paraboea rufescens (Franch.) B.L.Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 38: 471 (1980); Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41: 436 (1984), pro parte; Wang et al., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 69: 465 (1990), pro parte. – Boea rufescens Franch., Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1 (no. 57): 449 (1885). – Dorcoceras rufescens (Franch.) Schltr., Bot. Jahrb. 58: 259 (1923).
B. Paraboea rufescens var. tomentosa (Barnett) Z.R.Xu, stat. nov. – Paraboea tomentosa Barnett, Dansk Bot. Ark. 20: 202 (1962). – Type: Thailand, Northern region, Chiengmai [Chiang Mai], Doi Chieng Dao, Larsen 4078 (holo C; iso ABD).
THAILAND. Chiangmai: Fang [19°209N 98°509E], 2 vii 1978 (fl, fr), C. Phengklai et al. 4222 (BKF); between Chiang Dao and Fang, 500 m, 7 vi 1973 (fr, fl), R. Geesink et al. 5762 (E, L); Doi Chiang Dao [19°259N 99°009E], 1050 m, 15 vii 1958 (fl, fr), K. Larsen 4078 (ABD, C); ibid., 600–1300 m, 25 ix 1971 (fr), G. Murata et al. 14995 (L); ibid., 18 x 1926 (fr), Put 389 (K); ibid., 1100 m, 15 vii 1958 (fl, fr), T. Smitinand 4689 (BKF); ibid., 1100–1800 m, 16 viii 1963 (fr, fl), T. Smitinand et al. 1036 (BKF, E, L); ibid., 1100 m, 16 ii 1958 (fr), T. Sorensen et al. 1233 (C); ibid., 1050 m, 15 vii 1958 (fl, fr), Sorensen et al. 4077 (ABD, BKF, C); ibid., 1050 m, v 1963 (fl, fr), Sorensen et al. 4078 (photos NY, UC).
🔴Paraboea sinensis (Oliv.) B.L.Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 38: 471 (1980); Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41: 438 (1984); Wang et al., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 69: 464 (1990). – Phylloboea sinensis Oliv., Hook. Ic. Pl. 18: t.1721 (1887). – Chlamydoboea sinensis (Oliv.) Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1913: 355 (1913). – Type: China, Hupeh (Hubei), Ichang, Henry 1572 (holo K). Fig. 44.
Distribution. Burma, China, Thailand and Vietnam.
Habitat and ecology. On limestone substrates inside forest or scrub.
🔴Paraboea swinhoei (Hance) B.L.Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41: 439 (1984). – Boea swinhoei Hance, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 5, 5: 231 (1966). – Type: Formosa [Taiwan], Takow-Taiwan, Apes Hill, Bush [Ga01xiong2 City, Shou4shan1] [22°069N 120°039E], 1863 (fr), R. Swinhoe 62 (lecto BM, designated here; iso K). Fig. 47.
THAILAND. Chiangmai: Doi Sutep [18°559N 99°009E], 1000 m, 31 x 1967 (fr), B.L. Burtt 5578 (ABD, E); 1976 (fl), Cult. in E C4029 (E); Doi Sutep, x 1914 (fr), Y. Jung s.n. (BKF); Doi Sutep, 4 vii 1958 (fl), T. Sorensen et al. 3888 (BKF, C, K); Doi Sutep, 1100 m, 30 vii 1958 (fl), T. Sorensen et al. 4543 (C, K). Khonkaen: Pha Nok Khao [16°309N 103°009E], 800 m, 9 ix 1963 (fr, fl), T. Smitinand & H. Sleumer 1130 (BKF, E, K, L). Lampang: Doi Luang National Park, Wahng Cayo Falls, 600 m, 8 viii 1997, Maxwell 97-830 (A).
🔴Paraboea tarutaoensis Z.R.Xu & B.L.Burtt, Edinburgh J. Bot. 48: 13 (1991). – Type: Thailand, Satun Province, Tarutao Island, Mallacca ck. [06°509N 99°309E], on limestone rocks, in 30 m tall thick forest, 12 x 1979 (fr), Congdon 10 (holo E; iso A, AAU, PSU). Fig. 48.
Additional specimen examined. THAILAND. Satun: Tarutao Island, c.4 km south of the N. Cape of the island, on rocky cliff, 10–50 m in shrub vegetation, 11 i 1986 (fr), Kurzweil HK783 (WU).
🔴Paraboea trachyphylla Z.R.Xu & B.L.Burtt, Edinburgh J. Bot. 48: 13 (1991). – Type: Thailand, Surat Thani, Khao Lang Tao, 50 km W of Surat, road to Takuapah [09°009N 98°089E], 200–300 m, common on limestone, 26 ix 1963 (fl, fr), Smitinand, Sleumer et al. 1289 (holo E; iso A, B, BKF, C, E, K, L, P). Fig. 49.
Additional specimens examined. THAILAND. Surat Thani: Takuapah–Surat Thani road, 20– 60 km from Takuapah, 08°539N 98°219E, 100–250 m, 14 vii 1972 (fl), K. Larsen et al. 30949 (AAU, B, E, K, L). Phangnga: Tham Suwankuha, 08°159N 98°409E, in rock crevices, 50 m, 20 vii 1972 (fl), K. Larsen et al. 31181 (AAU).
🔴Paraboea uniflora Z.R.Xu & B.L.Burtt, Edinburgh J. Bot. 48: 15 (1991). – Type: Thailand, Songkhla, Sadao District [06°559N 100°249E], Kao Roop Chang, Padang Besar, on open, rugged summit of a limestone peak, 11 vii 1986 (fr, fl fragment), J.F. Maxwell 86-451 (holo PSU; iso A, L).
This species is unique in the genus with its single-flowered inflorescence. This may be an extreme reduction of a normal cyme. The habit seems close to Paraboea lanata but the veins on the leaves are more prominent.
🔴Paraboea variopila Z.R.Xu & B.L.Burtt, Edinburgh J. Bot. 48: 15 (1991). – Type: Thailand, Surat Thanee [Surat Thani] Province, common on stone in evergreen forest, 12 viii 1975 (fl, fr), D. Praphat 8 (holo E; iso BKF, C, L).
Proposed IUCN conservation assessment. Least Concern (LC). Although this species is only known from two collections at least one of these is from the well-protected and extensive limestone area of Khao Sok National Park. This species was, however, included in Pooma (2005) as threatened in Thailand.
Additional specimen examined. THAILAND. Surat Thani: Pa Nom district, Khao Sok National Park [09°109N 98°429E], limestone hill, 100–200 m, 12 xii 1979 (ster), T. Shimizu et al. T-27070 (BKF, L).
This species is similar to Paraboea trachyphylla and P. acutifolia with which it shares the same inflorescence structure. However, the indumentum on the ovary and the capsule separates the three species: Paraboea variopila having dark brown glandular hairs, P. acutifolia possessing a matted indumentum, and P. trachyphylla without an indumentum.
🔴Paraboea vulpina Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 44: 69 (1905); Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41: 441 (1984). – Type: Peninsular Malaysia, Hot Springs, Ipoh, Kinta [03°319N 101°129E], xii 1896 (fl), Curtis 3132 (lecto K, designated by Burtt (1984: 441); iso SING). Fig. 53.
THAILAND. Trang: Nam Tai, 20 km N of Trang, limestone rock [07°429N 99°479E], 11 x 1970 (fr), Charoenphol, Larsen & Warncke 3642 (AAU). Krabi: Tam Soea, 10 km N of Krabi, limestone hill [08°109N 98°579E], 50–250 m, 24 x 1991 (fr), K. Larsen et al. 42551 (AAU).
This species may be related to Paraboea laxa with which it shares similar large and spreading cymes. However, Paraboea vulpina has branched hairs while P. laxa does not. This species may also be related to Paraboea tarutaoensis with which it shares the same multi-branched hairs. The latter species can be recognised by its few- flowered inflorescence.
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