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Chiang Rai (Thai: เชียงราย, pronounced [tɕʰīaŋ rāːj]; Northern Thai: ᨩ᩠ᨿᨦᩁᩣ᩠ᨿ, pronounced [tɕīaŋhāːj]) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces that lies in upper northern Thailand and is Thailand's northernmost province. It is bordered by the Shan State of Myanmar to the north, Bokeo province of Laos to the east, Phayao to the south, Lampang to the southwest, and Chiang Mai to the west. The province is linked to Houayxay, Laos by the Fourth Thai–Lao Friendship Bridge that spans the Mekong.
While the eastern part of the province is characterized by relatively flat river plains, the northern and western part consists of the hilly terrain of the Thai highlands with the Khun Tan Range and the Phi Pan Nam Range in the west and the Daen Lao Range in the north. While not the highest elevation of the province, the 1,389-metre (4,557 ft) high[5] Doi Tung (Flag Hill) is the most important terrain feature. Wat Phra That Doi Chom Thong wat on top of the hill, according to the chronicles, dates back to the year 911. Nearby is Doi Tung Royal Villa, former residence of the late princess mother Somdej Phra Srinagarindra (mother of King Rama IX). Thanks to her activities the hills were reforested, and the hill tribes diverted from growing opium poppies to other crops including coffee, bananas, coconuts, and pineapples. The total forest area is 4,585 km2(1,770 sq mi) or 39.9 percent of provincial area.
Khon Muang are the city folk who originally came from Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Lampang, and Phrae. Culturally, they design their houses having only one floor with wooden gable decorations called "ka-lae". They are known for their craftsmanship in wood carving, weaving, lacquer ware, and musical instruments.
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Akha people |
Tai Yai (ไทใหญ่) (Shan) are a Tai ethnic group who primarily live in what is now Shan State in Burma, and also in Mae Hong Son provincein Thailand. They grow rice, farm, raise cattle, and trade. Their craftsmanship lies in weaving, pottery, wood carving, and bronze ware.
Akha have the largest population of any hill tribe in the region. Originating from Tibet and southern China, they dwell on high ground around 1,200 meters above sea level. Within their villages they build spirit gateways to protect them from evil spirits.
Lahu (Musor) are also from the Yunnanese area and live in high areas. They are known as hunters and planters. Karen live in various areas of the region which have valleys and riverbanks.
Chin Haw in Chiang Rai consist primarily of the former Kuomintang (KMT army) who took refuge in the area, mainly in Santikhiri (formerly Mae Salong).
Hmong from southern China, inhabit high ground. They raise livestock and grow rice, corn, tobacco, and cabbage. They are also known for their embroidery and silver.
Tai Lue (Dai) live in dwellings of usually only a single room wooden house built on high poles. They are skilled in weaving.
Lisu from southern China and Tibet are renowned for their colorful dress and also build their dwellings on high stilts. They harvest rice and corn and their men are skilled in hunting.
Yao (Mien) reside along mountain sides and grow corn and other crops. They are skilled blacksmiths, silversmiths, and
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| Phu Chi Fa National Park |
National parks
There are eight national parks, of which seven in region 15 (Chiang Rai) and Doi Wiang Pha in region 16 (Chiang Mai), they are the protected areas in Chiang Rai province.[6][7] (Visitors in fiscal year 2024)[8]
| Doi Luang National Park | 1,169 km2(451 sq mi) | (29,179) |
| Lam Nam Kok National Park | 587 km2(227 sq mi) | (86,787) |
| Mae Puem National Park | 351 km2(136 sq mi) | (35,626) |
| Doi Wiang Pha National Park | 303 km2(117 sq mi) | (939) |
| Phu Sang National Park | 285 km2(110 sq mi) | (66,868) |
| Khun Chae National Park | 270 km2(100 sq mi) | (3,878) |
| Phu Chi Fa National Park | 93 km2(36 sq mi) | (129,011) |
| Tham Luang–Khun Nam | 19 km2(7.3 sq mi) | (258,358) |
| Nang Non National Park |
The two wildlife sanctuaries in region 15 (Chiang Rai) are not in Chiang Rai province.
- Paraboea doitungensis: A rare, endangered limestone-loving species endemic specifically to Doi Tung in the Mae Fa Luang District.
- Paraboea sangwaniae Triboun, sp.. นครรินทรา
- Microchirita thailandica: A specialized little herb first identified and revised from specimens in the Mae Fa Luang District of Chiang Rai at around 1,000 meters elevation.
- Microchirita albiflora: Another localized member of the genus recorded along the roadways and forested elevations of Mae Fa Luang.
- Other regional genera: Forest floors and limestone karsts around locations like Namtok Khunkorn Forest Park also shelter genera such as Rhynchotechum and Oreocharis.
- Specific habitat or elevation data for a particular species
- Conservation status and cultivation notes
- Details on other botanical gardens or locations in Chiang Rai to view native flora
Provincial government
Chiang Rai is divided into 18 districts (amphoes). The districts are further divided into 124 sub-districts (tambons) and 1,751 villages (mubans).
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