Udon Thani Flora

 Udon Thani

Udon Thani (Thai: อุดรธานี, pronounced [ʔù.dɔ̄ːn tʰāː.nīː]) is a city in Isan (Northeast Thailand), the capital of Udon Thani Province and the sixth largest city in Thailand. The city municipality (thesaban nakhon / city proper) had a population of 130,531 people as of 2019, while Udon Thani's urban area, Mueang Udon Thani, has a population of approximately 400,000. Udon Thani is one of four major cities in Isan, the others being Nakhon Ratchasima, Ubon Ratchathani, and Khon Kaen. Together they are known as the "big four of Isan".

The province is best known for the prehistoric archaeological site at Ban Chiang and its Bronze Age relics, in a hamlet about 50 kilometers (31 mi) east of Udon Thani. Udon Thani is one of the more bustling markets for agricultural goods in the relatively dry northeast of Thailand.

Udon Thani first came to historical notice in the Rattanakosin era, when Anuwong of Vientiane staged a rebellion against Thai rule and marched his army to Nakhon Ratchasima in 1826. He captured the city by a ruse, but the garrison he left to hold it unexpectedly met with fierce resistance from the disarmed local forces led by Lady Mo, the wife of Nakhon Ratchasima's governor. Anuwong advanced as far as Saraburi, but was forced to retreat. The Thai army pursued him, and the rival forces met in battle at Nong Bua Lamphu, a small city near today's Udon Thani. After two days of fierce fighting, Anuwong's army was defeated and fled back to Laos.

Historical affiliations

 Khmer Empire 802–1353 
Kingdom of Lanxang 1353-1707
 Kingdom of Vientiane 1707-1828
 Siamese occupation 1782-1868
 Kingdom of Siam 1868-1932
 Kingdom of Thailand 1932–present

Gesneriaceae

Udon Thani province, northeastern Thailand, Gesneriaceae family plants—notably genera like Microchirita—thrive primarily in sandstone and limestone karst terrain, with collaborative taxonomic research actively conducted alongside Udon Thani Rajabhat University. 

Key Habitats and Taxa 

Limestone and Sandstone Zones: Local rocky outcrops, seasonal dry forests, and sandstone formations (such as areas around Phu Phrabat) harbor specialized seasonal Gesneriaceae. 
Microchirita Species: Frequently recorded in the region's localized seasonal or karstic habitats, responding dynamically to the monsoon rains. 
Research Context: Botanists from academic institutions like Udon Thani Rajabhat University frequently partner on nationwide revisions of Thai Gesneriaceae, documenting new or localized taxa across northeastern provinces

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Provincial government

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Since 1993 when five districts were split from Udon Thani to become the new province of Nong Bua Lam Phu, the province consists of twenty districts (amphoe). The districts are further subdivided into 155 sub-districts (tambon) and 1682 villages (muban):

Mueang Udon Thani Kut Chap Nong Wua So Kumphawapi Non Sa-at Nong Han Thung Fon Chai Wan Si That Wang Sam Mo Ban Dung

Ban Phue Nam Som Phen Sang Khom Nong Saeng Na Yung Phibun Rak Ku Kaeo Prachaksinlapakhom